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Type 1 Diabetes for Dummies – Diet Meal Plan is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

A type two diabetic diet is all about controlling the number of calories people with diabetes eat. Because, unused calories become body fat. And, excess fat cells reduce insulin’s ability to remove sugar from the blood.

Maintaining a healthy diet is important for everyone, but it is especially important for people with diabetes. A type 2 diabetes diet and following the right diabetic diet meals can make all the difference to a person struggling to keep their blood sugar under control. But, what is the right meal plan? How much of which food group should you eat?

Controlling Diabetes with Diet

Your doctor has likely told you that you can control your Diabetes with diabetic diet menu. But what does “diet” really mean?

Taking on a new diet, or nutritional habit, means that you must learn about foods that are nutritious for your body and the portion sizes that are necessary for your blood sugar control.

You probably know that some foods raise blood sugar more than others. The foods that turn into sugar in your body are called carbohydrates. Carbohydrates include: starches (bread, cereal, rice, pasta, grains, crackers), fruits and fruit juice, milk and yogurt, starchy vegetables (corn, peas, beans, potatoes and sweet potatoes), sweets and sugar.

Diabetes carbohydrates

Dieting does not mean that you cannot eat the foods you like. Instead, you need to limit some foods and spread other foods out during the day (such as carbohydrate-rich foods), thereby, diabetes supplements, not eating large portions all at one time. Eating too many portions of carbohydrate-rich foods at one time will lead to high blood sugar levels.

For example: instead oGlycemic Index Graphf eating a plate of spaghetti with garlic bread, and a glass of milk (all carbohydrates); make ¼ of your plate spaghetti, add a salad with raw vegetables, a grilled chicken breast, and a glass of water with lemon.

Eating just a spaghetti meal with the bread and milk causes the blood sugar level to rise drastically after the meal. People with Diabetes cannot process all of the carbohydrates in order to bring the blood sugar down to a normal level. However, by choosing the second spaghetti meal, the blood sugar does not go up as high because there is are less carbohydrates to process and it is easier for the body to bring the blood sugar level back down.

Diabetes vitamins & Proteins

Meat, fish, chicken, eggs, cheese, cottage cheese, peanut butter and tofu are protein foods. Protein-rich foods do not immediately become sugar in our bloodstream after consumption. However, simply because these foods do not immediately turn to sugar doesn’t mean we can eat an unlimited amount of these foods; eating too much of any food will cause weight gain.

Think of food portions this way…Your 9 inch diet portion control plate should be ½ vegetables, ¼ lean meat or meat substitute, and ¼ Precise Portions Control FOCUS Dinnerware grains/starch. Add a small piece of fruit and 8 ounce glass of low-fat milk and you have a very nutritious, balanced meal that will help control your blood sugar.

This is the start of how you change the way you eat to include a more nutritious diet.  For more nutritious eating ideas go to our recipes for diabetics. Remember to include diabetes exercises in your new way of life.

Click for Blood glucose monitors and Diabetic test strip

Find More Type 1 Diabetes Articles

Type 2 Diabetes Diet is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

Diabetes is a ailment disturbing the mode in which the figure touch absorb carbohydrates. If ignored, diabetes can cause really difficult physical condition difficult situation, extending from loss of sight to kidney loser.

Nearby eight percent of the citizenry in the United States has diabetes. This process that nearby sixteen million citizens have been identifying problem with the affliction, based only on state-run demography. The American Diabetes union approximate calculation that diabetes records for 178,000 end of life, as well as 54,000 amputees, and 12,000-24,000 belongings of loss of sight by the year. Loss of sight is twenty-five period similar extra mutual between diabetic cases in comparison with no diabetics. If current flow remains, by the time 2010 difficulty of diabetes will best the two heart ailment and cancer as the best basis of death in America.

Diabetics have a great balanced of blood carbohydrate. Blood sugar balance is adjusted by insulin, a hormone hide by the pancreas, which drop it in reaction to carbohydrate burning. Insulin causes the cells of the figure to blot sugar from the blood. The carbohydrate then arrange as material for cellular work.

Common demonstrative standards for diabetes have been eating plasma carbohydrate stage very large than 140 mg/dL on 2 chance and plasma carbohydrate very large than 200 mg/dL being next or after a 75-gram carbohydrate pressure. Anyhow, similar added fresh, the American Diabetes union lowered the basis for a diabetes disease to eating plasma carbohydrate stage alike to or senior than 126 mg/dL. Eating plasma stage exterior the natural physical boundary request extra tough, ordinarily by doing again the eating plasma carbohydrate examination and (if signify initiating an vocal carbohydrate fortitude examination.

The countless warning of diabetes contain unnecessary urination, unnecessary thirstiness and food shortage, unexpected burden reduce, make dirty foresight, arrest in curing of damage, dry and inflamed skin, frequent germs, tiredness and pounding head. During suggestive of diabetes, these warning can also be affected by other element, and therefore anybody with mark careful of the ailment should be examined.

Present are 2 various types of diabetes.

Type I Diabetes (juvenile diabetes, also famous as insulin-dependent diabetes): The originator of type I diabetes birth with pancreatic lack of ability to produce insulin. This purpose 5-10% of belongings of diabetes. The pancreatic Islet of Langerhans cells, which squirrel away the hormone, are ruined by the patient’s own invulnerable practice, no doubt as it misunderstanding them for a bacterium. Viral germs are supposed to be the cause to happen that position off this auto-immune ailment. Type I diabetes is largely prevalent in the Caucasian citizenry and has a heritable element.

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If prepared, Type I or juvenile diabetes can prime to death in two to three months of the start, as the cells of the figure avoid as they no longer accept the hormonal punctual to blot carbohydrate. During a huge best part of Type I diabetics are infantile (hence the duration Juvenile Diabetes), the circumstances can grow at any stage. Autoimmune diabetes is identifying problem by an immunological assay which appearance the attendance of anti-insulin/anti-islet-cell antibodies.

Type II Diabetes (non insulin helpless diabetes, also famous as a mature inception diabetes): This diabetes is an outcome of action of figure fabric attractive opposed to the sound effects of insulin. It approximates calculation for 90-95% of personal belongings. In several personal belongings the brains is producing a bountiful quantity of insulin, all the same the cells of the figure have happen to not responsive to its result due to the constantly superior balance of the hormone. At last the brains will tire its over-active emission of the hormone, and insulin stage lowering to in a lower place average.

A partiality on the way to Type II diabetes is inherited, although it is not likely to grow in normal-weight person’s consumption a low- or same moderate-carbohydrate abstinence from food. Obese, sedentary persons who eat poor-quality diets built approximately purify complex carbohydrate, which continually actuate, pancreatic insulin discharge, are flat to produce insulin resistance.

 Native human beings like North American Aboriginals, whose common food never built-in purify complex carbohydrate and sugar until these article were make known by Europeans, have very important charge of diabetes, five period the charge of Caucasians. Blacks and Hispanics are also at senior chance of the affliction.

All the same Type II diabetes isn’t as the minute detrimental as Type I, it can go ahead to strength difficult situation after numerous years and originator humorless disability and decrease old age. As with Type I diabetes, the circumstances prosper generally in a some age set, in this justification person being treated for medical problem more than forty (which is why it’s typically label a mature start Diabetes); all the same, with the increase in period of being young and youthful heaviness, this action is being behold for the firstly period in educate very young person as well.

If medicine is ignored, one and the other Type I and Type II diabetes can conduct to life-threatening difficult situation like kidney damage (nephropathy), heart disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), retinal spoil and sightlessness, and hypoglycemia (drastic decline in glucose levels). Diabetes compensation blood vessels, particularly minor end-arteries, best to very relentless and early on atherosclerosis.

Diabetics are flat to end difficulty as neuropathy, which afflicts about ten percent of person being treated for medical problem, purpose their base of an object to mislay feeling. Bottom harm, usual in day-to-day existing, reach ignored, and this harm cannot recover as of atherosclerotic jam of the tiny avenue in the end. Collapse and successive confiscation of foot part, base of an object or similar legs is the answer for numerous in old age person being treated for medical problem with poorly-controlled diabetes. Commonly these consecution are behold more willingly in Type I than Type II diabetes, as Type II patients have a lesser quantity of their own insulin creating of goods gone to protect alteration in blood sugar stage.

Type I diabetes is a serious affliction and there is no common enduring medicine for it. Nevertheless, the mark can be hold back by tough digestive monitoring and insulin vaccination. Insert supply which make available insulin as soon as in reply to alteration in blood sugar are in the tough division.

In hypothesis, since it encourage by abstinence from food, Type II diabetes must be avoidable and controllable by digestive convert lonely. All the same, as so often come to pass, clinical hypothesis is frustrate by person creation in this case, as countless diabetics (and numerous very overweight people with no diabetes) discover it independently unachievable to mislay load or similar hard to a abstinence from food limitless of starchy, sugary discard diet. So Type II diabetes is normally discussed with medication which heals the body’s reaction to its own insulin, and in a minority cases vaccination of insulin.

Delight make a note of that this article isn’t a substitute for health check recommendation. If you doubtful you have diabetes or similar are in a high ranking possibility analytical collection, please find out your medical practitioner.

Diabetes Information- Your Guide to Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

To compare the role of glibenclamide and pioglitazone drugs in type 11 non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction:-

Diabetes comes from the greek word for ‘SIPHON” which one is the first term and implies for a lot of urine is made .The trm “mellitus” comes from a laton word, “met” which means “honey” and was used because the urine was sweet (Wheeler,2004)

Diabetic ketaocidosis is one of life threatening condition requiring some data hospitalization and treatment. Recognition of this condition is of almost importance, because even small delays can have an impact on survival (Nattrass, 2006). Hypoglycaemia are involved in insulin induced episodes in individuals with diabetes. Probably the major factor prescribing, insulin treated patient from achieving the glucose targets needed to prevent diabetic complications. The incidence of hypoglycaemia reflects the inadequancy of current mathods of insulin delievery which lead ot inappropriately high insulin concentration, particularly some persons after eating more foods at night onset of blindness and also a major risk factor heart disease and stroke

(Heller, 2003).

TYPES OF DIABETE MELLITUS

Type II diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder associated with, b -cells dysfunction and with varying degree of insulin resistance primary pathogenic factors leading insulin resistance leading to type 2 diabetes and decreased insulin, secretion which arise from abnormalities with in liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic b -cells (charles & clark, 1996).

GESTATIONAL DIABETUS MELLITUS

SECONDARY DIABETUS MELLITUS:

Secondary diabetes is due to disease of the pancreatic and endocrime system, genetic disorders, or exposure to chemical agents.

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insluin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that produces inslulin

Type – I diabetes formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes(IDDM),is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produces insulin.Type-1 diabetes occures most often in children and young adults but it can occures at any age.(Anderson et al 2007).

Type-11 diabetes is not straight uprward. A pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. Liver that release too much glucose,muscle cells that do not readily take in glucose.(Carren 2008)

Many genetic factors are involved in the development of diabetes.Because of new genetic methodology researchers are closers to identifying all of the cadidate gene for both non –insulin dependent and insulin dependent diabetes(Bernhard,1995).

Woman who had gestation diabetes are more likely to develop Type-11diabetes themselves.Pergnant women with diabetes are another disadvantaged group.They need much more intensive antenatal care and close monitoring of blood sugar,blood pressure and weight.(jawed2006)

Over weight children the progression of child obesity into adulthood is associated with early develop of complications, including IgpG2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Type diabetes is the most common clinical form of diabetes accountingforabout 90% of all cases,it is currently undergoing world wide epidemic. Type 11diabetes mellitus is caused by body’s infective use of insulin, it is often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity(WHO 2007).

PREVALACES& IINCIDENCE

:

Diabetes mellitus increases with aging, in 200 the prevalance of diabetes,it was estimated to be 0.19% people<20 years old and 8.6% in people>20 years old.There is considered geographic variation in the incidence of both type-1 and type-11 diabetes mellitus.Scavandinvian has the highest incidence of type-1 diabetes mellitus e.g in Finland, the incidence is 35/100,000 per year the pacific rim has a much lower rate in japan and china the incidence is 1 to 3/100,00 per year of type-1 diabetes mellitus, Northern Europe and the United States share an intermediate rate (8to17/100,000 per year).The prevalence of type 11 diabeties mellitus is highest in certain pacific island, intermediate in countries such as India and the United States, and relatively low in Russia and China.This variability is likely due to genetic, beharioral and enviromental factors(Power 2005).Diabettes mellitus prevalance also arises among different ethic population within a given countries it is common inall ethnic groups its prevalance increased with age and more than 5% of individuals of more than 65 years of age have diabetes mellitus (David Owerback 1988).The World wide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over past two decades.The prevalence of type11 diabettes mellitus is expected, type 11 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among Hispanies Native Americas,African,American,and Asians, pacific Islanders than in non- Hispanic whites,the incidence is essentially equal in woman and men in all populations. Type 11 diabetes is becoming increasingly common because people are living longer,and the prevalence of diabetes increases with age it is also seen more frequently now than before in young people, in association with the rising prevalenceof childhood obesity although type11 diabetes still countries with the estimated nubers of cases of diabetes in 2000and 2030.

Rank Country

2000 Individuals country with diabetes (milloins)

Country

2030 Individuals with diabtes (Million)

India

31.7

India

79.47

China

20.8

China

42.3

USA

17.7

USA

30.3

Indonesia

8.4

Indonesia

21.3

Japan

6.8

Pakistan

13.9

Pakistan

5.2

Brazil

11.3

Russian federation

4.6

Bangladesh

11.1

Brazil

4.6

Japan

8.9

Italy

4.3

Philippines

7.8

Bangladesh

3.2

Egypt

6.7

(Wareham& FOROUHI 2OO6)

DRUG TREATMENT OF DIABETIES MELLITUS

:

Biguanides lower blood glucose, they increase glucose uptake and utilize in skeletal muscle there by reducing insulin resistance, and reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).Lower blood glucose, addionally reduces low denisity and very low denisity lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) respectively. Metformin has a half life of about 3 hours and is excreted unchanged in the urine.Clinically metformin used in type 2 diabetic who are obese and who fail treatment with diet alone.Adverse effects are produced dose related gastrointestinal disturbances e.g anorexia,diarrhoea,nausea,lactic acidosis rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.(Dale,2003).

Improving insulin sensitivity by activating certain genes involved in fat synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism Rosigilitazone and Piogiltazone are currently approved.Thiazolidinediones. Thiazolidinediones do not cause hypoglycemia when used alone,although they are usually taken in combination with sulfonylurease.

In some incouraging studies, thaiazolidiniones have produced very favorable effects on the heart, including reducing blood pressure and improving triglycerides and cholestrol levels including increasing HDL level,the good cholestrol. They may also block a molecule called 11 Best HSK that may play a significant role in metabolic syndrome,as well as diabetes type11. One study also sugessted that Rosiglitazone may even improve beta cells functions and so help prevent progression of diabetes.Anemia, weight gain, increased risk of fluid buildup, may worson heart failure.Troglitazone,was withdrawn after a few reports of heart failure.Liver failure abd death.Current Thiazoldinediones don not appear to pose the same effects on the liver although there have been a few reports of liver injury.

In patients with dietry failur the choice of a sulfonylurea agent or insulin therapy has been controversial and empric in favour of insulin therapy are the studies, who reported marked improvement post receptor diagnostic after intensive short term therapy in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (Scarlett et al,1984) Sulfonylureas further classified into two groups or generations based on their potency,duration,drug interaction,side effects profiles. Sulfonylureas enhance insulin action in cells in culture and stimulate the synthesis of glucose transporters (Jacobes et al 1998).A sulfonylurea drug should normally be the insulin secretagogue of choice, NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence) also recommends that a generic ,drug should be perscribed (Scsade et al1998).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIAL AND METHODS:

This study was conducted in the deprtment of Pharmacololgy and Therapeutics,Basic Medical Science Institute,Jinnah,Postgraduate Medical Centre,karachi under kind supervision od DRr:GhulamRsool Mashori,Associate Professoer and Head OF Department Of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in colloboration with Medical Outpatient Department Unit111 and Filter Clinic, Medical Department, JPMC,Karachi.

Seventy NIDDM (type-II)diabetic patients were initially enrolled in the study from the filter clinic/ out patient department Medical Unit III ,and diabetic clinic.Out of this 60 diabetic patients were associated in whole period of study, remaining 10 patients were dropped due to poor comlpiance or change in residential place.All the patients were divided in two main groups,groupI and in group II these patients were selected in this study according of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

:

Newly diagnose patients of non Insulin Dependent Diabtes Mellitus.

Diagnsed patients of diabetes also including having no any history medication.

Having either sex of age between 30 to 60 years.

Diagnosed patients who were Non Insulin Depedent Diabetes Mellitus who were treated with Pioglitazone.

Diagnosed patients who were Non Imsulin Depedent Mellitus, who were treated with drug Glibenclamide.

EXCLUSION CRIRERIA

:

Patients suffering from blood pressure.

Patients suffering from liver disease.

Patients suffering from cardiac disease.

Pregnancies and lactating women.

Patient suffering from renal disorders.

Patients having serious complications.

MATERIAL:

Lacets.

Lancet Hlder(Abbots easy touch TM2 lot 03 Asee).

Glucometer(Medisense) optilim one touch(Abbotts).

Blood glucose nest trpis (IVD for Invitro diagnostic use (Abbott Labortries,Medisense UK Ltd,Abigngdon,Ox14ITR,Masde in UK). Stored between minimum 30?, (4°-30° C) and Maximum 40°C (39°-86°F).

Weight Machine Model No 1101 Lot No.312. TANTIATA.

DRUGS

Tab:Daonil 5 mg (Aventis Pharma)

Drug category:Sulphonylurea.

Generic Name: Glibenclamide.

MFGLIC:No.000007 RegistrationNO.000220

MFG Date:0-06

EXP Date:7-10

Lot NO:B230

Tab:piozer (Hilton Pharm) PvtLTd.

Tab:Poizer 15mg

Drug category:Thaiazolinedione.

Generic Name:Pioglitazone Hydrochloride.

MFG LIC: O.000136 Registration No.03270

MFG Date:3-06

EXP Date:3-o9

Lot No:6287

Tab: Poizer (Hilton Pharma)pvt ltd.

PARAMETERS:

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS).

Random Blood Sugar (RBS).

Weight.

Key words:Diabetes mellitus,Non-insulin diabetes mellitus,Insulin depedent diabetes mellitus, Daonil,poizer,Insulin.

RESULTS:

Table 1

Weight and Blood Sugar level observed on baseline day 0

In group1 and group11

Group 1

Group 11

Pioglitazone n=27

Glibenclamide n=33

Weight

63.37

+ 2.25

¯

62.7

+ 15.56

¯

Fasting Blood Sugar

172.7

+ 13.32

¯

188.42

+ 12.o5

¯

Random Blood Sugar

285.11

+ 15 .532

¯

284.18

+ 17.07

¯

All Values are expressed in Means± SEM.

FIGURE-1 weight and blood sugar levels observed on baseline (day-o)

In table No shpwing the weight (KG’S) and blood sugar (msg/dl0 levels which is observed on baseline (day-0) in both groups 9group: 1 & group11)

Group: 1 Weight in (Kg’s) mean + SEM) IS 63.37±2.25 Fasting blood sugar 172.7±13.32,and Random

blood sugar 285.11±15.32

Group:11

Weight (KG’s0 (mean +SEM)62.7±1.56 Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl0 188.42±12.05, Random blood sugar is 284.18±17.03.

Figure 2: showing the weight and blood sugar levels observed in base line (day-0) in group: 1 and group 11 weight in 9kg’s) its mean values are 63.37,62.7, Fasting blood sugar in (mg/dl) is 172.71, 188.42 Random blood sugar (mg/dl) is 285.11 &284.18.

TABLE: 2

Peroidic Observation In All Parameters Group1

Goup1(Pioglitazon) n=27

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0to45

Day-45-90

Weight

63.37

±2.25

63.63

±2.26

63.63

±2.23

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

Fasting blood sugar

172.7

±13.32

165.04

±8.98

153.37

±7.59

>0.05

(NS)

0.05

(NS)

Randomblood sugar

285.11

±15.32

279.78

±13.63

255.56

±12.65

>0.05

(NS)

>0.05

(NS)

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM .(NS) Non significant.

Showing the periodic observations in all parameters in group 1 (piogiltazone) (n+27) weight P.value (day 0 to day 45)>0.05 (NS). Fasting blood sugar >0.05 (NS) Random blood sugar >0.05 (NS) P.values day 90 weight >0.05 (N.S), FBS>0.05 (N.S) 7RBS >0.05(N.S) NON SIGNIFICANT

FIGURE:2 Showing the periodic observation in all parameters in group 1 on day0 day 45& day-90.Mean values in weight (Kg) is 63.37,63.26,63.63, fbs (mg/dl) 172.7,165.04,153.37,RBS(mg/dl) 285.11,279.78,255.56.

TABLE NO3

Peroidic Observation in All Parameters Group11

Group 11 (Glibenclamide)

N=33

P-value

Day-0

Day-45

Day-90

Day-0 to 45

Day-45 to 90

Weight

62.7

±1.56

65.64

±2.10

64.55

±1.92

>0.05(NS)

0.05(NS0

Fasting blood sugar

188.42

±12.05

168.45

±10.99

140.06

±5.68

>0.05(NS)

>0.05(S)

Random blood sugar

284.18

±17.03

220.12

±13.39

170.94

±5.80

<0.005 (MS)

0.002(MS0

(s) significant, (MS) moderate significant

All values are expressed in Mean±SEM.

Table No3:

Showing the periodic observation in all parameter in goup:11, Group:11 containing drug (Glibenclamide),no of patients (n=33).It’s P-value on day 0 to day 45 on weight >0.05(NS),FBS>0.05(N.S) RBS<0.005 (MS) <0.01- AND DAY 45 TO DAY 90 WEIGHT >0.05 (NS) FBS (0.05) RBS <0.002(M.S0 moderately significant.

Figure 3:Shwing the periodic observations in all parameters in Group 11 weight 62.7,65.64,64.55,FBS (MG/DL) 188.42,168.45 140.06,RBS(mg/dl) 284.18 220.12, 170.94 (on day-0-day 45 to 90).

DISCUSSION:

In Denmark Beck-Nielsenet al,skillman TG (1981) published studies demonstation that glyburide increased he number of receptors on the monocytes of patients with type 11 diabetes mellitus. Some patients were treated with diet and in cobination of second generation sulfonyureas agents Wie. The numbers of insulin receptors all patients were measured before and after the treatment.Intrvenous glucose test shows the persistent impairent of insulin secretion afterthe starting of drug therapy.However those patient who were on drug Pioglitazone some results were obtained of insulin secretion in the impairment in early drug drug therapy.Clinical observations have suggested that the second generation sulfonylureas may exert their effects by potentiating insulin released by other primary stimulators Insulin secreting drug.

According to the study of WilliamC Dukworth et al(1972), aftr the chronic treatment with sulfonylureas it is well documented that plasma insulin levels were decreased in response to oral glucose load. This apparently occures even though glucose tolerance is improved over pre-treatment, levels,present study clearly support that study.

The result og group 11 correlates with the research conducted by Bonnie &Kimmel (2005) produces the same results as FBS reduces from baseline, and at the end of study,with an overall 23.44%,reduction,while with the results showed at the end of study peroid p-value were (p<0,001).

Similarly Michael Alvarsson et al (2003) conducted a similar type of study and the found and overall changes of change of 22.11% in Fbs and 40.88% in Rbs at the end of trial p-value were (p<0.001).

However a study conducted by (Stone &Brown in (2003) didnot match to our results in the parameter of FBS and observer a reduction of 26.22%.

CONCLUSION:

In the light of study discussion it is obiovus the glibenclamide was more effective,tolerable and safer than pioglitzone in a short duration.Diabetes Mellitus is chronic prolong disease for whole life.Poor community can afford it easily,on base of marketing of this drug in pakistan diabetes patients easily go and purchase economically,in fact ,mostly people buy it from pharmacy without dr’s perscription,because pharmacist and patient both of know about this disease.Just like dispirin as analgesic,it is famous anti-diabetic drug in our states as compared of other anti-diabetic drugs.

REFERNCES:

Anderson J,Kendall,Perryman.S etal,”Diet and Diabettes” Diabetes 2006,16(3):17-19-

Bui H- Type 1 diabetes in childhood-Medicine 2006,3 ,1-3

Bernhard –Diabetes-type 11 diabetes mellitus Diabetes care 1995,19(100:12-17-

Clark CM-Oral therapyin type11 diabetes-pharmacological properties and clinical use of current use of currently available agents-Diabetes spectrum 1998,11(4):211-221.

Carren M.Types of Diabetes mellitus-Diabettes 2006 10 (3),07-

David Owerback NJ-Prevalence in diabetes population-Diabetes 1988,02(6):31-32

Dale MM,-Treatment of Diabetes mellitus –pharmacology 20035th edition:287-391.

Heller SR –Hypoglycemic in diabetes Ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic-Medicine 2006:34(03):102-110.

Jawad F Untraveling the mystry of Diabetes’Diabetes 2006;15(3):13-15.

Jacobes D-Insulin-Diabetes 1998;6(3);1160126.

Lambert and Bingliy-basic facts-medicine 2006,34(6):3-7.

Natters M-Ketoacdosis and hyperglycemia-Medicine 2006;34(3):104-106.

Power AC-Epidemiology of type11 diabetes Basic facts of diabetes –Diabetes 2005;1(1)7-9

Scarlet Oral therapy in type 11 diabetes sulfonylureas 1984;16(10);3-9.

Schade DS et al A placebo controlled randomized study of glimepiride in patients of Diabetes mellitus- Diabetes 19998, 38(7);636-641.

Warchman and Forouhi-Epidimology of Diabetes- Diabetes basic facts- Medicine 2006 ;34(2);57-60

Wheeler Gd- Aaccident dicovery led to the noble prize for canadian reseachers,2005,01-02.

WHO Report-Health-Diabetes Mellitus-Defiition and types of Diabetes 2007;1:1-4.

Histopathology Pancreas –Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

To Compare the Role of Glibenclamide and Pioglitazone Drugs in Type 11 Non- Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

gestational diabetic meal planning is it different than type 2 diabetic meal planning? is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

Diabetes is a very common disease during which the blood glucose levels of the patient are on a rise because the body fails to generate sufficient insulin or the cells of the body fail to respond to the generated insulin. The terms type 1 and type 2 diabetes are very common nowadays, however, people may not know the difference. So, if you are wondering what is type 1 and type 2 diabetes, let me tell you that both vary in terms of the insulin generation in the body. For more differences on both types of diabetes, read on.

So let’s answer the question, what is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? And how can you cure both types?

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is when the human body cannot generate the required amount of insulin in the body. Due to this reason, you may need to get insulin injections in order to manage the glucose levels in the body. Typically, type 1 diabetes is fatal and needs to be treated through insulin. Insulin is typically administered via injections; however insulin pumps are also available. Type 1 diabetes is generally caused because of genetic reasons and in some cases unhealthy diet may also cause the incidence of type 1 diabetes.

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Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is caused when the body cells do not respond to insulin and hence the glucose levels in the blood stream increase. Type 2 diabetes is also known as insulin resistant or adult-onset diabetes and is common is obese people.

This should answer what is type 1 and type 2 diabetes question. Let’s move on to their cure.

Cure of Diabetes

Different types of diabetes can be treated through the use of insulin, however, you should be aware that type 1 and type 2 diabetes are chronic in nature and cannot be cured permanently. For type 1 diabetes, doctors may prescribe medicines; however, type 2 diabetes is not fatal and might be controlled via regular exercise and by maintaining a healthy diet plan.

Generally, people ask what is type 1 and type 2 diabetes because these are the most common types. Other types of diabetes are also present such as gestational diabetes in pregnant women, steroid diabetes and congenital diabetes.

Find More Type 2 Diabetes Articles

What Is Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

What works for one person is not right for the next.

diabetic menu for type 2 &type 1 with breakfast,lunch7dinner? is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

Do you know the cause of diabetes type 2? If you have no idea, keep reading and you will find out.

Medical experts say that diabetes is an inherited disease. Many years ago, this was the primary cause of diabetes but now, there are already other factors which lead to the development of the disease. Diabetes is of three different types – type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This article is focused mainly on the type 2 diabetes.

This disease or disorder is insulin-dependent. Most of type 2 diabetes patients are over forty years in age and so it is considered as adult diabetes. As a person gets older, the pancreas also works less. With less work, less insulin is produced. This inefficiency of the pancreas may be due to an injury, hormonal disorders, and Cushing’s syndrome.

This type of diabetes is largely a genetic disorder. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, you’re at high risk of developing the disease. It is therefore very important that if you’re at high risk, you have to monitor your lifestyle and diet. You must ensure that you maintain the right weight because if you become overweight, diabetes may set in.

Being aware if you’re at high risk of diabetes will also help you in preventing its development. Check your current lifestyle. Are you always inactive? Do you excessively drink alcohol? What kinds of foods do you eat? Getting enough exercise is one way of keeping your body fit. Make sure that you do simple exercises for about thirty minutes everyday especially if you’re already over forty years. The diet is also another factor which can lead to diabetes. You must eat healthy food choices and eat only the right amounts. If you eat excessively, this can lead to obesity. Foods that contain glucose and if you eat a lot, the pancreas can’t create adequate insulin to handle all the glucose. It’s easy to tell if you’re overweight. Women whose waistline is above 35 inches and men over 40 inches are already considered overweight. Be very careful because obesity can also lead to heart diseases and high blood pressure.

Eating properly is among the best plan to combat diabetes. Cut down your carbohydrate consumption and to help you prepare an effective diet plan, you can consult a dietician or nutritionist. Avoid eating too much sweets and drinking excessive alcohol. It is highly recommended that you eat vegetable and whole grains.

Introducing changes in the diet and lifestyle may be difficult but you will benefit from it greatly. You can either prevent diabetes or you can control and manage your current diabetic condition.

To sum it all up, the causes of diabetes type 2 is genetic, unhealthy lifestyle and diet, obesity, and aging. If any of these things best describes you, it’s time to visit your doctor right away. Have your blood sugar examined. Take note that this examination is often conducted twice to get accurate readings. If the doctor says that you don’t have diabetes, then good for you but if you have the disease, you have to be extra careful now. You must talk to your doctor about the best treatments for diabetes; that way, you can effectively manage your life and condition. Don’t let diabetes interfere with your day to day life. Take the proper medicines and enforce positive changes in your lifestyle and diet.

Do you know the cause of diabetes type 2? If you have no idea, keep reading and you will find out.

Medical experts say that diabetes is an inherited disease. Many years ago, this was the primary cause of diabetes but now, there are already other factors which lead to the development of the disease. Diabetes is of three different types – type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This article is focused mainly on the type 2 diabetes.

This disease or disorder is insulin-dependent. Most of type 2 diabetes patients are over forty years in age and so it is considered as adult diabetes. As a person gets older, the pancreas also works less. With less work, less insulin is produced. This inefficiency of the pancreas may be due to an injury, hormonal disorders, and Cushing’s syndrome.

This type of diabetes is largely a genetic disorder. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, you’re at high risk of developing the disease. It is therefore very important that if you’re at high risk, you have to monitor your lifestyle and diet. You must ensure that you maintain the right weight because if you become overweight, diabetes may set in.

Being aware if you’re at high risk of diabetes will also help you in preventing its development. Check your current lifestyle. Are you always inactive? Do you excessively drink alcohol? What kinds of foods do you eat? Getting enough exercise is one way of keeping your body fit. Make sure that you do simple exercises for about thirty minutes everyday especially if you’re already over forty years. The diet is also another factor which can lead to diabetes. You must eat healthy food choices and eat only the right amounts. If you eat excessively, this can lead to obesity. Foods that contain glucose and if you eat a lot, the pancreas can’t create adequate insulin to handle all the glucose. It’s easy to tell if you’re overweight. Women whose waistline is above 35 inches and men over 40 inches are already considered overweight. Be very careful because obesity can also lead to heart diseases and high blood pressure.

Eating properly is among the best plan to combat diabetes. Cut down your carbohydrate consumption and to help you prepare an effective diet plan, you can consult a dietician or nutritionist. Avoid eating too much sweets and drinking excessive alcohol. It is highly recommended that you eat vegetable and whole grains.

Introducing changes in the diet and lifestyle may be difficult but you will benefit from it greatly. You can either prevent diabetes or you can control and manage your current diabetic condition.

To sum it all up, the causes of diabetes type 2 is genetic, unhealthy lifestyle and diet, obesity, and aging. If any of these things best describes you, it’s time to visit your doctor right away. Have your blood sugar examined. Take note that this examination is often conducted twice to get accurate readings. If the doctor says that you don’t have diabetes, then good for you but if you have the disease, you have to be extra careful now. You must talk to your doctor about the best treatments for diabetes; that way, you can effectively manage your life and condition. Don’t let diabetes interfere with your day to day life. Take the proper medicines and enforce positive changes in your lifestyle and diet.

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What is Type 2 Diabetes? www.clearlyhealth.com

Cause of Diabetes Type 2 is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

Types Of Diabetes

In medical parlance, this disease is known as “diabetes mellitus” – diabetes from the Greek word for siphon, to illustrate the excessive thirst and urination, which is characteristic of this condition, and mellitus from the Latin word for honey – as urine of a diabetic person contains sugar and is sweet.

Commonly, this disease is called diabetes.

There are many types of diabetes, but the three most common are:

« Type 1 diabetes

« Type 2 diabetes

« Gestational diabetes

1. Type 1 diabetes (also known as insulin dependent diabetes):

This is an autoimmune disease where the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The pancreas then produces little or no insulin. It can appear at any age, although mostly under 30 (very often in childhood or during teens), and is caused by environmental factors such as viruses, diet or people genetically predisposed. This type of diabetes, is also known as juvenile-onset diabetes.

It is not really known what causes type 1 diabetes and it is not caused by eating too much sugar or sweets.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop over a short period, although beta cell destruction can begin much earlier. Common symptoms include increased thirst and urination, constant hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, and extreme weakness. If not timely diagnosed and treated with insulin, a person with type 1 diabetes can go into life-threatening diabetic coma, also known as diabetic ketoacidosis.

2. Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes):

This is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of all diagnosed people. It is also known as late-onset diabetes, and is characterised by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Type 2 diabetes is genetic in origin, but other factors such as excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, ethnicity and faulty diet are its major risk factors. Symptoms may not show up for many years, and by the time they crop up, considerable harm may have been done to the body.

In this condition, the pancreas is usually producing enough insulin, but for reasons unknown, the body cannot use the insulin effectively – termed as insulin resistance. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood and the body cannot make proficient use of its main source of energy.

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes develop gradually. Symptoms include weakness, nausea, frequent urination, excess thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing of wounds. Some people may show no symptoms.

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive, lifetime condition; and over time, it may be difficult to keep the blood glucose level in the target range. However, good diabetes care and management can prevent or delay the onset of complications.

One can do this by:

« Eating healthy meals and snacks

« Following regular physical activity

« Taking diabetes medications (including insulin), if prescribed.

3. Gestational diabetes:

Gestational diabetes develops only during pregnancy. In most cases, all diabetic symptoms disappear following delivery. Women who have had gestational diabetes have a 20 to 50 % chance of developing type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years, especially if they were overweight before the pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes is not caused by a lack of insulin, but by blocking effects of other hormones (estrogen, cortisol, and human placental lactogen) on the insulin that is produced, a condition referred to as insulin resistance. Normally, the pancreas is able to make additional insulin to overcome insulin resistance. However, when the production of insulin is not enough to overcome the effect of the placental hormones, gestational diabetes results.

Carbohydrate intolerance is diagnosed during pregnancy through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). While the carbohydrate intolerance usually returns to normal level after delivery, the mother has a significant risk of developing permanent diabetes later on; while the baby is more likely to develop obesity and impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes later in life.

Risk factors include a family history of diabetes, increasing maternal age, obesity and being a member of a ethnic group with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The complications of gestational diabetes are usually manageable and preventable. The key to prevention is careful control of blood sugar levels as soon as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made.

Other types of diabetes -

4. Diabetes insipidus:

Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition, that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood. The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) controls the amount of water conserved. Diseases of the kidney (for example, polycystic kidney disease) and the effects of certain drugs may also cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

The common symptoms are excessive urination and extreme thirst.

5. Syndrome X:

Syndrome X, also known as the “metabolic syndrome” or “Insulin Resistance Syndrome”, is a condition that is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease.

It is characterised by abdominal obesity, elevated levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels. Other symptoms include smoking, high fat and calorie diet, pre-diabetes or Type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome.

This is more common in older people than in younger people. In addition, women were more likely to have the syndrome than men.

For diabetes information, Diabetes Testing, diabetes treatment, diabetes causes visit www.diabetesmellitus-information.com

More Diabetes Type 1 Articles

Types of Diabetes(type 1, Type 2 and Gestational) is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone

Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus is a condition wherein a person’s body is unable to regulate the glucose level in blood. These glucose levels are controlled by a hormone called insulin. The disturbances in the level of insulin lead to increase in glucose levels in blood, resulting in Diabetes mellitus.

Read more on Home Remedies for Diabetes and Home Remedies for Cough. Also visit on Home Remedies for Eczema

Symptoms of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is often confused with Diabetes Insipidus, a rare condition, since both have very similar symptoms. It occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells of the body do not respond to the insulin produced, resulting in high blood sugar. People with diabetic ailments, commonly complain of the following symptoms of diabetes:

1.    Frequent urination

2.    Extreme thirst and hunger

3.    Fatigue or unusual tiredness

4.    Weight loss

5.    Deep breathing

6.    Nausea

7.    Vomiting

8.    Itchy skin

9.    Sores that take time to heal

10.    Abdominal pain

11.    Blurred vision

12.    Frequent skin, gum or vaginal yeast infections

Apart from those diabetes symptoms, skin rashes or diabetes dermadromes can also occur. Based on these symptoms, diabetes has been classified into mainly three types; Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational diabetes.

Diabetes Type 1

The Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreatic beta cells are lost and the body either stops producing insulin or produces too little of it. Around 10% of the total cases of diabetes in the United States comprise of type 1 diabetes. This typically affects children or adults and is otherwise called juvenile diabetes. It can occur in older people too due to the destruction of pancreas as a result of alcoholism or its removal by surgery. Type 1 diabetes patients require daily insulin intake for sustenance.

Diabetes Type 2

In Type 2 diabetes, even though the pancreas secretes insulin, the cells in the body are resistant to its effects. Thus, the insulin is partly or completely ignored. This condition is often termed as insulin resistance. During such a condition, the body tries to secrete more and more insulin mistaking there is lack of insulin in the body. Gradually the higher demands of insulin are not met and the pancreas struggles to produce more insulin, resulting in type 2 diabetes. Around 90% of the diabetic cases in the United States are Type 2.

During the initial stages, the patient experiences insulin sensitivity. At this stage, a variety of measures and medications can be taken to improve the insulin sensitivity or reduce the glucose production by the liver. As the disease advances, the insulin secretion fails and so, a therapeutic replacement of insulin may become inevitable in some patients.

Treatment for Diabetes

As symptoms of diabetes tend to show up much later than the condition occurs in your body, it is advisable to have your blood sugar levels diagnosed periodically.

Even if there are natural remedies that have been developed for the treatment for diabetes, insulin injections and implantable insulin pumps are the most sought out ones. Type 1 diabetes can be treated with exercise, insulin and a balanced diet. Type 2 diabetes is first treated with weight reduction, a diabetic diet and exercise. Weight reduction and exercising increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin, thus controlling blood sugar elevations.
When these methods fail to lower the blood sugar levels, oral medications are used. If oral diabetes medications are insufficient and do not help lower the glucose levels in blood, insulin treatment is used.

Diabetes Diet Plan

1.    Eat about the same amount of food each day.

2.    Eat at about the same times each day.

3.    Take your medicines at the same times each day.

4.    Exercise at the same times each day.

5.    Every day, choose foods from these food groups: starches, vegetables, fruit, meat and meat substitutes, and milk and yogurt. How much of each depends on how many calories you need a day.

6.    Limit the amounts of fats and sweets you eat each day.

Diabetes Symptoms, diet, diabetes type 2 and Natural Home Remedies for Diabetes is a post from: Diabetic Diet Zone